酉阳河流域典型年汛期的基流分割研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

雷宇宽 《水文》2021,41(1):35-41

基流分割是水文学研究中的重难点问题之一,目前基流分割也存在许多方法。基于酉阳河典型年汛期实测日平均流量资料,分别采用Chapman-Maxwell改进方程数字滤波法一次滤波(参数N=1)以及二次滤波(参数N=2)、BFI(f)法、HYSEP固定步长法、HYSEP滑动步长法、HYSEP局部最小值法进行基流分割并对其结果进行分析对比。研究结果表明:不同方法下得到的基流分割线各不相同,各年份基流指数的统计特征也存在一定差异,采用Chapman-Maxwell改进方程数字滤波法二次滤波得到的基流成果更符合基流的一般特征以及酉阳河流域的降水径流关系特点。  相似文献   

幸福河评价体系及其应用          下载免费PDF全文

左其亭  郝明辉  姜龙  张志卓 《水科学进展》2021,32(1):45-58

幸福河是中国新时代江河治理的新目标,对保障河流健康及经济社会可持续发展意义重大。为定量评价幸福河状况,本文通过对幸福河概念内涵的进一步梳理,提出幸福河评价体系;以安全运行、持续供给、生态健康、和谐发展"四大判断准则"为框架,按"目标-准则-指标"三层级,构建幸福河评价指标体系,包括基本指标16个、备选指标34个;参考相关规范、标准文件和研究成果,将幸福河评价指标划分为5个等级,分别给出各指标5个等级的分级标准值;引入"幸福河指数"来定量评价河流幸福河状态,采用"单指标量化-多指标综合-多准则集成"方法,定量计算幸福河指数。最后,以黄河为例,分别对2017年黄河上中下游分段、支流渭河以及流经的9个省区开展幸福河评价的实例应用。经验证,所提出的幸福河评价体系能较好地反映黄河客观实际,具有较强的可靠性和适用性。  相似文献   

内蒙古东南部暴雨洪涝灾害风险评估与区划——以通辽市为例     

李思慧 《内蒙古气象》2019,(1):23-28

文章选取通辽市各气象站点气象数据、基础地理信息数据、历史灾情数据、第二次土地调查数据及相关社会经济等统计数据,基于自然灾害风险原理,利用数理统计、层次分析法及空间叠加分析等方法,提出了通辽市暴雨洪涝灾害风险评价指标体系,得到通辽市暴雨洪涝灾害风险评估空间分布图。结果表明:高风险区主要分布在通辽市北部山区、中东部地区及偏南部地区,包括扎鲁特旗鲁北镇、科尔沁区、科左中旗东南部及库伦旗东南部;而科左后旗大部地区易形成由短时强降水引发的洪涝,为次高风险区;低风险区及次低风险区主要分布在通辽市中部、西南部地区,包括开鲁县、奈曼旗北部、科左中旗西部。  相似文献   

Linking pesticides and human health: A geographic information system (GIS) and Landsat remote sensing method to estimate agricultural pesticide exposure     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Accurate pesticide exposure estimation is integral to epidemiologic studies elucidating the role of pesticides in human health. Humans can be exposed to pesticides via residential proximity to agricultural pesticide applications (drift). We present an improved geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing method, the Landsat method, to estimate agricultural pesticide exposure through matching pesticide applications to crops classified from temporally concurrent Landsat satellite remote sensing images in California. The image classification method utilizes Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values in a combined maximum likelihood classification and per-field (using segments) approach. Pesticide exposure is estimated according to pesticide-treated crop fields intersecting 500 m buffers around geocoded locations (e.g., residences) in a GIS. Study results demonstrate that the Landsat method can improve GIS-based pesticide exposure estimation by matching more pesticide applications to crops (especially temporary crops) classified using temporally concurrent Landsat images compared to the standard method that relies on infrequently updated land use survey (LUS) crop data. The Landsat method can be used in epidemiologic studies to reconstruct past individual-level exposure to specific pesticides according to where individuals are located.  相似文献   

Experimenting with spaces of encounter: Creative interventions to develop meaningful contact     

《Geoforum》2015

To-date geographical research on encounters has primarily comprised observation of naturalistic settings (both micro publics and everyday public spaces) or narrative accounts of encounters generated by conventional methods, this paper focuses on a contrived spatial experiment to create meaningful contact across difference. Inspired by, and drawing on insights from, Architecture – a discipline relatively neglected by geographers in recent times – we use a creative form of spatial play to stimulate groups of people to explore their differences and to develop shared understandings. Whereas previous studies have identified the importance of material objects in art projects and home spaces in mediating relations between people, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the physical configuration of space in work on encounters, despite the fact that geography is a spatial discipline. Here, we engage directly with the role of the form and function of space. Our spatial experiments demonstrate how paying attention to the materiality of micro-spaces rather than social relations alone, can provide insights into the generation of positive interactions by contributing to a greater understanding of how meaningful encounters happen, and what can be done to facilitate them. Specifically, by exploring the size and configuration of space, issues of ownership and surveillance, the relationship between primary and secondary space, and aural architecture this research identifies how working together to create a shared private or intimate space – might facilitate a sense of empowerment and the production of social relations characterised by democracy and inclusion.  相似文献   

陆面蒸散量观测方法比较分析及其影响因素研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张强  张之贤  问晓梅  王胜 《地球科学进展》2011,26(5):538-547

陆面蒸散是陆面水分平衡的主要分量,也是地球系统水分消耗的主要途径,但陆面蒸散量测量技术一直没有得到很好地解决.利用LOPEX试验区内陇中黄土高原定西陆面过程综合观测站的历史观测资料,在参考对照蒸发皿观测的水面蒸发量的基础上,对蒸渗计法、涡动相关法、彭曼方法等3种方法观测的陆面蒸散量的年变化特征进行了比较分析,发现各观测...  相似文献   

现浇透水性生态混凝土在河道边坡工程中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

刘峰  颜庭成 《江苏地质》2011,35(4):418-423

针对传统护坡工程方法在河道边坡工程生态环境保护和修复方面的缺陷,提出了新型现浇透水性生态混凝土护坡技法,优化设计了该技法组成材料,并对生态混凝土的耐久性、植生能力和净水性能进行了综合分析。通过该技法在泰州周山河河道边坡生态治理工程中的实际应用,认为所提出的现浇透水性生态混凝土护坡技法不仅能充分保证护坡工程的安全性,还可维持和改善周边生态环境与生态系统。  相似文献   

用沿岸上升流指数分析中国东南沿岸风生上升流的特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

苗馨  胡建宇 《海洋通报》2011,30(3):258-265

对1968年1月到2007年12月中国东南沿海(17°N～30°N,109°E～123°E)上升流指数月平均数据进行分析,结论如下:(1)风生沿岸上升流主要在4-8月间发生于海南岛东部、雷州半岛东部、汕头以北至浙江沿岸.(2)风生沿岸上升流的强度具有时空分布变化特征,其中海南岛东部沿岸上升流最强,浙江沿岸其次;整个中国...  相似文献   

多层次格网模型的近邻指数聚类生态区划算法与实验——以新疆北部地区区划为例     

袁烨城  周成虎  覃彪  欧阳 《地球信息科学学报》2011,13(1):1-11

在综合考虑气候、植被、地貌等凶素的基础上,提出一种基于多层次格网模型的最近邻指数-模糊聚类生态区域划分算法(Nearest Neighbor Index Fuzzy clustering,NNI-FIC).该算法采用"自下而上"的方式,首先,利用离散格网单元之间的严格相似性形成区划的核心分区;然后,通过最近邻指数统计分...  相似文献   

Landscape Controls on Structural Variation in Eucalypt Vegetation Communities: Woronora Plateau,Australia     

Ross B. Jenkins  Nicholas C. Coops 《The Australian geographer》2011,42(1):1-17

Quantification of landscape-based vegetation structural variation and pattern is a significant goal for a variety of ecological, monitoring and biodiversity studies. Vegetation structural metrics, derived from airborne laser scanning (ALS or aerial light detection and ranging—LiDAR) and QuickBird satellite imagery, were used to establish the degree of plot-based vegetation variation at a hillslope scale. Topographic position is an indicator of energy and water availability, and was quantified using DEM-based insolation and topographic wetness, respectively, stratifying areas into hot-warm-cold and wet-moist-dry topographic classes. A range of vegetation metrics—maximum and modal canopy height, crown cover, foliage cover, NDVI and semivariance—were compared among randomly selected plots from each topographic class. NDVI increases with increasing landscape wetness, whereas ALS-derived foliage cover decreases with increasing insolation. Foliage cover is well correlated with crown cover (R ² =0.65), and since foliage cover is readily calculable for whole-of-landscape application, it will provide valuable and complementary information to NDVI. Between-plot heterogeneity increases with increasing wetness and decreasing insolation, indicating that more sampling is required in these locations to capture the full range of landscape-based variability. Pattern analysis in landscape ecology is one of the fundamental requirements of landscape ecology, and the methods described here offer statistically significant, quantifiable and repeatable means to realise that goal at a fine spatial grain.  相似文献